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HISTORICAL ARCHIVE · Originally published May 26, 2020
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Public Transport Ticketing: Singapore & Indonesia (Part 3)

Part three of a 2020 survey of public transport ticketing — how fare collection worked in Singapore, Indonesia and Hong Kong.

This is an earlier piece from the AmbiSecure engineering archive. Where the field has moved on, the link above points to current coverage of the same topic.

Closing the three-part AFC series (continuing from Part 1 and Part 2), this article completes the 2020 country-by-country survey with Singapore, Indonesia and Hong Kong.

Singapore

  • EZ-Link card established in 2001, initially based on Sony FeliCa smart card technology
  • Used for Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), and public buses
  • NETS FlashPay card entered the market in September 2009
  • New CEPAS EZ-Link card introduced September 2009, expanding usage to taxis, ERP gantries, car parks, convenience stores, supermarkets, and fast-food restaurants
  • 2017: LTA piloted paying for bus and train rides with credit cards
  • System features: top-ups via EZ-Link App, reward points earning and redemption

Indonesia

  • TransJakarta (Bus Rapid Transit system in Jakarta) accepts e-tickets from several local banks
  • E-tickets available at shelters, banks (Mandiri, BCA, BRI, BNI, Bank DKI), minimarkets, supermarkets, gas stations
  • Same cards work with KA Commuter Jabodetabek (Commuterline)
  • Tap on Bus Validator available for TransJakarta, Trans Metro Bandung, Trans Jogja

Hong Kong

  • Octopus chip card launched September 1997
  • Used by 99% of residents
  • Serves transport and non-transport services, plus access control
  • Second contactless smart card system worldwide (after Korean Upass)
  • Inspired Navigo (Paris), Oyster Card (London), Opal Card (New South Wales)
  • Used in retail shops, parking meters, car parks, vending machines, libraries, swimming pools
  • Non-payment uses include school attendance and office building access

Who is Ambimat Electronics?

4 decades of design experience serving PSUs, private companies, and startups. Solutions: AmbiPay, AmbiPower, AmbiCon, AmbiSecure, AmbiSense, AmbiAutomation.

Looking for the current take?

This archive piece reflects thinking from May 26, 2020. For a current-generation treatment of the same topic, see our modern coverage.

Read the current article

Frequently asked questions

Which countries does part 3 cover?

Singapore, Indonesia and Hong Kong, completing the three-part 2020 survey.

How did Singapore's EZ-Link system develop?

EZ-Link launched in 2001 based on Sony FeliCa technology for MRT, LRT and buses. NETS FlashPay and the CEPAS-based EZ-Link card both arrived in September 2009, extending use to taxis, ERP gantries, car parks and retail.

Do EMV and DESFire compete on transit validators?

No longer. Open-loop EMV contactless has been adopted across most major networks, and EMV and DESFire now coexist on the same validator.

What was CEPAS and why did Singapore adopt it?

CEPAS is the specification behind the EZ-Link card introduced in September 2009, which extended use beyond transit to taxis, ERP gantries, car parks, convenience stores, supermarkets and fast-food outlets.

What technology did Singapore's original EZ-Link card use?

Sony FeliCa smart-card technology, from its introduction in 2001 for MRT, LRT and public bus travel.

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